Museum Guide

Welcome to our U.S. Sheriff’s Museum Austria, home to one of the most extensive collections of its kind outside the USA - a place full of history and inspiration. Since 2015, this private museum has housed over 16,000 U.S. sheriff patches, as well as more than 1,000 additional exhibits on the history and culture of American law enforcement. 

The county sheriff in the USA is an elected official who is responsible for safety and order in a county. He and his deputies take care of law enforcement in rural areas where there is no city police. The sheriff is also responsible for running the county jail. He ensures security in court buildings and carries out court orders such as arrest warrants and evictions. Additionally, the sheriff often coordinates search and rescue operations, especially in less densely populated areas. In some counties, he also monitors traffic on rural roads. 

A Sheriff’s Department has a clear hierarchy of ranks, which can vary slightly depending on the county or state. At the beginning is the Sheriff’s Recruit or Cadet, who is a trainee still in the academy or field training. Next comes the Reserve Deputy, a part-time or volunteer deputy with limited authority. The Deputy Sheriff is the basic law enforcement officer who patrols, responds to calls, and maintains public safety.

Some deputies specialize and serve as Detectives or Investigators, handling criminal investigations. Above them is the Corporal, a lower-level supervisor who oversees small teams of deputies. The next rank is Sergeant, who leads a shift or unit and is responsible for field supervision and operations.

Above the sergeant is the Lieutenant, who manages multiple sergeants or operational teams. A Captain usually commands a division or station, such as patrol, investigations, or custody. Higher still is the Major or Commander, who oversees several divisions or major sections of the department.

The Assistant Sheriff or Chief of Operations helps manage the department’s administrative and operational areas. The Chief Deputy or Undersheriff is the second-in-command, acting as the Sheriff’s top executive and taking charge when the Sheriff is absent.

At the top of the hierarchy stands the Sheriff, who is usually an elected official. The Sheriff holds ultimate authority and responsibility for the entire department, including its personnel, budget, and law enforcement strategy.

We will begin the tour with the exhibition on the left, following the displays along the walls:

Number 1: Goshen Co. Sheriff Department – Deputy LICATA – mannequin 

Goshen County in the state of Wyoming was officially established in 1911, which led to the creation of the sheriff’s office responsible for law enforcement in this newly formed area. The Goshen Co. Sheriff’s Office is in charge of criminal investigations, traffic enforcement, search and rescue operations, and the management of the county jail in the rural parts of the county. They work closely with other agencies to ensure public safety.
 

Number 2: Bay Co. Sheriff’s Office – Uniform Shirt – frame

Bay County in the state of Michigan was established in 1857 and was named because it borders Saginaw Bay.

The main duties of the Bay Co. Sheriff’s Office include general law enforcement, monitoring rural areas, and operating the county jail. The sheriff's office is also responsible for court enforcement services, which include securing court buildings and transporting inmates. Particularly notable is the marine and snowmobile patrol, which is active on the county’s many waterways - especially Saginaw Bay, the Saginaw River, and the Kawkawlin River. This unit ensures safety on the water, inspects boats, and responds to emergencies. In winter, they patrol using snowmobiles.

pin – DIVE: The members of the dive team specialize in search and recovery operations in bodies of water. The team is available around the clock and is deployed in cases of water accidents, missing persons, or criminal investigations. Primarily, the dive team operates in Saginaw Bay, the Saginaw River, and the Kawkawlin River, but can also be active in other waterways within the county. 

Number 3: Stark Co. Sheriff Department Uniform - Deputy M. CARBONE - mannequin

Stark County, located in the state of Ohio, was founded in 1808 and is named after General John Stark, an American general from the Revolutionary War who became famous for his victory at the Battle of Bennington (1777).

The Stark County Sheriff’s Office is responsible for maintaining public safety and order within the county. Its duties include law enforcement, patrolling unincorporated areas, operating the county jail, serving court documents (such as warrants and subpoenas), and providing security for the county courts.

Ohio Administrative Code Chapter 311-1 mandates standardized uniform regulations for all sheriff’s offices in the state of Ohio to ensure a consistent and professional appearance for law enforcement officers. Therefore, all sheriff’s office personnel in Ohio wear the same uniform.

pin - 1 Star = 5 years of service

Number 4: Volusia Co. Sheriff's Office – Tactical Unit – uniform shirt – frame

Volusia County in the state of Florida was established in 1854. 

The SWAT team of the Volusia Co. Sheriff’s Office is a specialized unit for particularly dangerous operations. It is deployed in hostage situations, armed suspect incidents, active shooter scenarios, or high-risk searches. Members are well-trained in tactics, close combat, negotiations, and first aid. The SWAT team works to resolve dangerous situations as safely as possible for everyone involved.

Number 5: Faulkner Co. Sheriff's Office – Deputy MICKELS – Honor Guard uniform - mannequin

Faulkner County in the state of Arkansas was established in 1873 and is named after Colonel Sandford C. Faulkner, a well-known storyteller and fiddler who composed the famous folk song “The Arkansas Traveler”.

The Honor Guard is a ceremonial unit of the sheriff’s office that represents the department at official events such as memorials, parades, and other public ceremonies. The honor guard honor fallen colleagues and preserve the traditions and core values of law enforcement.

Number 6: Hopewell Sheriff's Office – Uniform Jacket – frame

Hopewell is an independent city in the state of Virginia and was founded in 1613 as the settlement “Bermuda City”. Virginia has a unique administrative structure called “independent cities”. These cities are politically and administratively separate from counties—they are standalone entities functioning similarly to counties. Because these cities are legally independent and not part of any county, they require their own law enforcement agencies. This means they have their own sheriff and often their own police departments.

The Hopewell Sheriff’s Office is responsible for enforcing court orders, including evictions and seizures. Additionally, the office provides security for court buildings and escorts court proceedings. The sheriff’s office manages the local detention facility, overseeing the housing of inmates and their transportation to courts or other facilities. Furthermore, the office is engaged in community outreach. It runs prevention programs and educates the public about important safety issues.

Number 7: Audrain Co. Sheriff's Office – Deputy Sergeant Matthew OLLER – mannequin

Audrain County in the state of Missouri was established in 1836 and is named after James H. Audrain, a member of the Missouri State Legislature and a veteran of the War of 1812.

The Audrain Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for public safety in the county areas outside city limits. Its main duties include patrols, traffic enforcement, emergency response, criminal investigations, transportation and supervision of inmates, as well as ensuring the operation of the courts. Additionally, the office handles the service of court documents and deploys specialized units such as K9 teams and school resource officers (SRO).

Number 8: Camden Co. Sheriff's Office – Deputy Sergeant J. WILLIAMS – mannequin

Camden County in the state of Missouri was founded in 1841 as “County of Kinderhook” and renamed “Camden County” in 1843.

The Camden Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for law enforcement, jail operations, emergency communications, court and prisoner transport, investigations, patrol duties, animal control, and the service of court documents. The office is organized into divisions including administration, operations, and corrections.

pin – TACTICAL Team – The Tactical Unit of the Camden Co. Sheriff’s Office is a specialized team tasked with handling high-risk situations such as armed suspects, hostage situations, and other critical incidents. Members of this unit receive specialized training and are equipped with advanced gear to operate effectively and safely in these scenarios.

pin – NEGOTIATOR – The Crisis Negotiation Team works to achieve peaceful resolutions in critical situations through communication. Members of this team are specially trained to negotiate with individuals in highly stressful situations and ensure their safe surrender.

Number 9: Milwaukee Co. Sheriff's Office – equipment frame

Milwaukee County in the state of Wisconsin was established in 1835. The name originates from a word in the Potawatomi or Ojibwe languages meaning roughly “place where the good water is” or “good harbor”.

The Milwaukee Co. Sheriff’s Office operates the county jail and ensures security in the courthouse buildings. It patrols areas without their own police departments and collaborates with other agencies in crime fighting. The sheriff's office also enforces court orders such as arrest warrants and evictions. Various equipment items are displayed in this frame.

This frame also features so-called "bullion patches". These high-quality, metallic embroidered badges are usually worn by sheriff’s offices at ceremonial events or by high-ranking officers. The badges consist of metal threads (usually gold or silver-colored) embroidered onto fabric. Bullion patches are more luxurious, eye-catching, and crafted with greater handiwork.

Number 10: Pinal Co. Sheriff's Office – M. FENDER – mannequin

Pinal County in the state of Arizona was established in 1875. The name “Pinal” likely comes from the “Pinal Mountains”, a mountain range in the region.

The Pinal Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for law enforcement in unincorporated areas, operating the county jail, search and rescue missions, service of court documents, civil enforcement, and community prevention efforts. It is partially supported by volunteer units.

A well-known documentary series that featured the Pinal County Sheriff’s Office is Live PD. The show aired from 2016 to 2020 and followed various sheriff’s offices in the USA live during their operations. This uniform was worn by Deputy M. FENDER on the show and later donated to the museum.

Number 11: Cole Co. Sheriff's Office – Deputy GASH – mannequin 

Cole County in the state of Missouri was established in 1820 and is named after Captain Stephen Cole, an officer in the Missouri militia during the early 19th century. 

The Cole Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for general law enforcement, traffic control, and emergency response throughout the county. It also operates the county jail, manages inmate detention and rehabilitation, and serves court documents. The sheriff's office is supported by a reserve unit of volunteer deputies who assist with various duties and special events.

The 1033 Program, officially known as the Law Enforcement Support Office (LESO) Program, is an initiative of the U.S. Department of Defense. It allows state and local law enforcement agencies to receive surplus military equipment from the U.S. armed forces free of charge. The legal basis for the program was established in 1997 under Section 1033 of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), from which the program takes its name.

The goal of the program is to repurpose military material to support public safety, particularly in counterterrorism, drug enforcement, and disaster response. Through the 1033 Program, police departments can acquire equipment such as vehicles, protective gear, night vision devices, communication technology, medical supplies, and, in some cases, weapons and ammunition.

However, the program is highly controversial because critics view it as contributing to the militarization of the police. The use of military vehicles and weapons in civilian operations or during demonstrations has led to public outrage in the past. Supporters, on the other hand, argue that such equipment is necessary to prepare officers for dangerous situations.

Several U.S. presidents have modified the program over time: Barack Obama restricted it in 2015, Donald Trump reversed many of those restrictions in 2017, and Joe Biden reintroduced stricter transparency and reporting requirements in 2022. Despite ongoing criticism, the 1033 Program continues to operate and has distributed military equipment worth several billion U.S. dollars to law enforcement agencies across the country since its inception.

Number 12: Display Case – Handcuffs

Handcuffs are part of the basic equipment and are usually made of steel, allowing a person to be quickly, easily, and securely restrained. On February 20, 1912, the fundamental design of the handcuff still in use today—a double-loop that pivots into a locking mechanism—was patented in the USA. Modern handcuffs are connected either by a chain or a hinge.

Leg irons are similar to handcuffs but have a larger inner diameter, allowing them to be placed around a person’s ankles. Compared to handcuffs, standard leg irons feature a longer connecting chain, providing limited freedom of movement for the legs. 

If a suspect is particularly aggressive, leg restraints may be applied in addition to handcuffs. Sometimes, the chain of the leg restraints is looped around the handcuffs before the leg restraints are secured. This fixes the person in what is called the “hogtie” position. In this method, the hands are usually cuffed behind the back and the feet are tied together, so the person lies face down with their hands and feet connected - like a bundled-up package, which is why it’s called a “hogtie”. This restraint technique is highly controversial because there have been cases where people have died from “positional asphyxia,” meaning they couldn’t breathe properly due to the position of the restraints and suffocated.

Leg irons are also commonly used when transporting prisoners outside of secure areas to prevent escape attempts.

Number 13: Pulaski Co. Sheriff's Office – LOWRANCE – uniform shirt

Pulaski County in the state of Missouri was established in 1833 and is named after Casimir Pulaski, a Polish nobleman, soldier, and military commander best known for his role in the American Revolutionary War.

The Pulaski Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for enforcing state and county laws. Its core duties include ensuring public safety and protecting the rights of citizens. Deputies patrol the entire county, respond to emergency calls and other incidents, conduct investigations, and make arrests when necessary. The office also operates the county jail, housing individuals awaiting trial or serving sentences. It manages prisoner transport and secures courthouse facilities within the county. Additionally, the Sheriff’s Office handles the service of court documents such as subpoenas, eviction notices, and summonses. Specialized units within the department focus on criminal investigations, drug enforcement, and the deployment of K-9 teams.

Number 14: The Runnaway - frame

Norman Rockwell (1894-1978), a master of American painting, is known for his ability to depict everyday scenes with a deep emotional resonance. One of his most notable works is the painting “The Runaway”, created in 1958. The painting depicts a boy who appears to have run away from home. He is sitting on a bench in a small diner, surrounded by adults. A central theme in “The Runaway” is the search for identity and freedom. At the same time, the picture shows the reality that growing up is often associated with uncertainties and challenges.

Rockwell, who lived in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, often asked his friends and neighbors in the 1950s and 60s to serve as models for his covers and ads in national magazines. Pictured here are the 8-year-old Eddie Locke and Trooper Richard J. Clemens (1928-2012) of the Massachusetts State Police.

Number 15: Johnson Co. Sheriff's Office – Lieutenant D. MARTIN –uniform shirt

Johnson County in the state of Kansas was established in 1855 and is named after Reverend Thomas Johnson, a Methodist preacher and missionary.

The Johnson Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for maintaining public safety and enforcing laws within the county’s jurisdiction. Its duties include patrolling unincorporated areas, handling emergency calls, and supporting other law enforcement agencies within the county.

The sheriff’s office operates the county jail, which houses both pre-trial detainees and sentenced inmates, and is responsible for prisoner transport as well as security in courthouse buildings. It serves court documents such as subpoenas, warrants, and eviction notices. Additionally, the Sheriff’s Office has specialized units for drug investigations, SWAT operations, K-9 teams, and cybercrime. Programs for crime prevention and community collaboration are also part of its responsibilities.pin – U.S. flag bar: The colors of the U.S. flag symbolize: Red for courage and resilience, white for purity and innocence, and blue for vigilance, perseverance, and justice.

pin – Community Service Award: This award recognizes outstanding dedication to the community.

Number 16: Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office – picture frame

The patches were donated to the museum by Deputy Paul Sperandeo.

Jefferson Parish, located in the state of Louisiana, was founded in 1825 and is named after Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. Jefferson played a central role in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, through which the United States acquired the territory from France that now includes Jefferson Parish.

The Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office is responsible for public safety, law enforcement, and the operation of correctional facilities in the unincorporated areas of the parish.

In Louisiana, an administrative district is called a parish instead of a county, because the divisions date back to the French and Spanish colonial period, when the areas were organized as Catholic parishes, and the term was retained after the Louisiana Purchase.

Number 17: Display case – batons

Classic models, such as the night stick - which was primarily carried at night - were made of wood or plastic.  A “sap” or “club” is a leather-covered handheld weapon. Round versions are called blackjacks, while flat types are known as slappers or beavertail saps—named after their shape.

Today, many traditional batons are being replaced by expandable models. One advantage is that they can be conveniently carried on the belt, even while sitting in a patrol car—unlike side-handle batons, which usually have to be set aside.

Number 18: San Bernardino Co. Sheriff's Office – Air Rescue – E.M.T. SHELL – uniform shirt

(E.M.T. = Emergency Medical Technician)

San Bernardino County in the state of California was established in 1851 and is named after San Bernardino of Siena, an Italian Franciscan preacher and saint from the 15th century. The city and valley were named by Spanish missionaries, who often named places after saints of the Catholic Church.

The San Bernardino Co. Sheriff's Office Air Rescue Unit is a specialized air rescue team responsible for a variety of life-saving missions. Their main duties include search and rescue operations, medical emergency transports, evacuations from difficult terrain, and support during natural disasters such as wildfires.

Number 19: Faulkner Co. Sheriff Department – R. SKINNER – uniform shirt

The Faulkner Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for enforcing laws throughout the county, and ensuring public safety across the entire county. Deputies patrol unincorporated areas, respond to emergency calls and other incidents, investigate crimes, and make arrests when necessary. The sheriff’s office operates the county jail and manages the housing of pre-trial detainees and sentenced inmates. It is also responsible for prisoner transport and courthouse security. Court documents such as subpoenas, warrants, and eviction notices are served by the sheriff’s office.

pin – FTO = Field Training Officer

Field Training Officer (FTO) in a Sheriff’s Office trains and evaluates new deputies after they graduate from the academy. The FTO rides with trainees during patrols, teaching them how to apply laws, follow procedures, and handle real-life situations safely and professionally. They provide feedback, complete performance evaluations, and serve as mentors and role models. At the end of training, the FTO determines whether the deputy is ready for independent duty. 

pin – ARK DEPT. OF HEALTH – CERTIFIED EMERGENCY MED. TECH.: The Faulkner Co. Sheriff’s Office in Arkansas employs certified Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) who provide medical first aid as part of their law enforcement duties.

Number 20: St. Lucie Sheriff's Office – picture frame

The St. Lucie County Sheriff’s Office is responsible for keeping the community safe and enforcing the law in St. Lucie County, Florida.
The St. Lucie County Sheriff’s Office investigates crimes, arrests offenders, and maintains order throughout the county. The office also operates the county jail and manages the 911 emergency dispatch center. In addition, it provides patrol and traffic services as well as community outreach programs to build trust with residents. 

Number 21: County Jail:

The county jail is used to detain individuals who have been convicted of minor offenses or are held in pretrial detention because they could not be released on bail. After being arrested by law enforcement authorities, a person is usually taken there first. Most cities have at least one county jail. In less densely populated areas, arrestees are often taken first to a police station and then transferred to the nearest county jail. Many county jails also serve as short-term holding facilities for individuals convicted of minor offenses. Persons awaiting trial (pretrial detainees) are held in custody by order of law enforcement, while convicted individuals serve their sentences in the county jail by court order.

Inmates wear special jumpsuits that vary in design depending on the facility and security level. Striped jumpsuits are commonly used, traditionally featuring black and white or black and yellow stripes, making it easy to identify inmates. In many modern prisons, bright orange clothing is also widespread. The orange jumpsuit primarily serves to clearly distinguish prisoners from others and to make escape more difficult, as the color is highly noticeable. Often, the jumpsuit is worn with a white t-shirt underneath. 

Miranda Warning

The Miranda warning does not have to be read automatically to every person arrested in the United States. It is only required when two conditions are met at the same time: the person is in police custody and is being questioned by the police.

If someone is arrested but not questioned, the warning does not need to be given. Likewise, it is not necessary if a person voluntarily speaks with the police without being detained. The Miranda warning is intended to ensure that the person is aware of their rights. These include the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

The Miranda warning originates from the Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona. Ernesto Miranda was arrested in Arizona in 1963 on suspicion of kidnapping and raping a woman. During police interrogations, he confessed to the crime without being informed of his rights. Miranda argued that his confession violated the Fifth Amendment because he had not been informed of his right to remain silent and his right to an attorney.

In 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona in favor of Miranda. The Court held that statements made by individuals in custody are only admissible in court if they have been informed of their rights beforehand. This ruling led to the introduction of the Miranda warning. It protects the rights of arrested individuals, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. Confessions made without these warnings are generally not admissible as evidence. The decision continues to shape police interrogation practices in the United States today.

St. Louis County Jail – inmate uniform orange – mannequin

The St. Louis County Jail in the state of Missouri is located in the Buzz Westfall Justice Center in Clayton and opened in 1998. It has a capacity of up to 1,400 inmates. The county jail offers programs such as GED courses and electronic home arrest monitoring. 

GED courses are preparatory classes for the General Educational Development (GED) test. The GED test is a high school equivalency exam which allows individuals who did not complete traditional high school to earn a recognized high school credential. 

Faulkner Co. Sheriff's Office – inmate uniform striped – mannequin

The Faulkner County Jail in Conway, Arkansas, consists of two main areas: a maximum-security section and a booking area. It provides 24-hour security monitoring as well as rehabilitation programs for inmates.

On display in this jail cell are an original pink towel and a pair of underwear from the Maricopa County Jail in the state of Arizona.  The underwear is signed by Sheriff Joe Arpaio. The Maricopa County Jail is one of the largest local jail systems in the United States and has been under the leadership of Sheriff Paul Penzone since 2021.

The Maricopa County Jail became particularly infamous during the years under Joe Arpaio (1993–2016). Arpaio established the so-called “Tent City Jail”—an outdoor jail made up of tents in the desert, where inmates were forced to endure extreme heat. The facility drew international criticism and was ultimately closed in 2017 by Sheriff Penzone. During Arpaio’s tenure, there were numerous reports of human rights violations, allegations of racial discrimination, abuse, and inadequate medical care. In 2013, a federal court ruled that the Sheriff’s Office under Arpaio had systematically discriminated against Latinos.

Number 22: Autauga Co. Sheriff's Office – Deputy T.J. FARRIS – mannequin 

Autauga County in the state of Alabama was founded in 1818 and is named after the Autauga River, whose name comes from a Native American language.

The Autauga Co. Sheriff's Office is responsible for patrols, handling emergency calls, investigating crimes, operating and securing the county jail, and serving court documents. Additionally, the sheriff’s office ensures courthouse security, coordinates search and rescue missions, and enforces court orders and warrants.

Number 23: Van Buren County 823 – Arkansas – Road Sign – These county signs in the U.S. mark County Roads, which are local roads managed by the respective county. The number on the sign indicates which road it is within the county and serves for clear identification. Unlike U.S. Highways or State Routes, this number is only valid within the county. It helps with orientation, navigation, and locating roads, for example for emergency services. 

Number: 24 - Display Case – Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid

Billy the Kid, born Henry McCarty, was likely born on November 23, 1859, in New York City and died on July 14, 1881, in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. He was a notorious gunslinger and outlaw of the American West, known for his involvement in the Lincoln County War in 1878. Although he is rumored to have killed 21 men—one for each year of his life—historical records confirm only about four murders. Billy was charismatic, fluent in Spanish, and famously escaped from jail multiple times. Despite his criminal past, many viewed him as a kind of Robin Hood figure, and he remains a legend of the Wild West.

Pat Garrett, born June 5, 1850, in Alabama, was sheriff of Lincoln County, a farmer, and later an author. He became famous for shooting Billy the Kid on July 14, 1881, in a dark room in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. Whether this was a fair duel or an ambush remains disputed to this day. In 1882, Garrett published the book The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid to defend his reputation and present the events from his perspective. Ironically, this book greatly contributed to the legend of Billy the Kid.

The relationship between Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid was complex. Some believe they knew each other before the conflict and may even have been friends. Their story symbolizes the struggle between law and lawlessness in the American West. In later years, Garrett faced financial troubles and was shot and killed in 1908 under still unclear circumstances.

The story of Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid has been adapted and romanticized many times in film.

Number 24: Display case – shootout at the O.K. Corral

The shootout at the O.K. Corral took place on October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona, and is one of the most famous events of the Wild West. On one side were the Earp brothers - Virgil, Wyatt, and Morgan - along with their friend Doc Holliday. On the other side were the so-called Cowboys, including Billy and Ike Clanton as well as Tom and Frank McLaury.
The tension between the two groups had been building for months, primarily due to disputes over cattle rustling, political power in Tombstone, and personal feuds. On the day of the shootout, there were several threats exchanged, and around 3 p.m., the Earp brothers and Doc Holliday encountered the Cowboys in an alley next to the O.K. Corral.

The ensuing gunfight lasted only about 30 seconds, but approximately 30 shots were fired. In the end, Billy Clanton, Tom and Frank McLaury were killed. Virgil, Morgan, and Doc Holliday were wounded, while Wyatt Earp remained uninjured. Ike Clanton was unarmed and survived the shootout.

Reactions to the event were divided. Some saw the Earps as brave lawmen, while others accused them of murder. Later, further violence occurred: Morgan Earp was murdered, and Virgil was seriously wounded. Wyatt Earp then began his infamous "Vendetta Ride", during which he personally hunted down several suspected killers of his brother - a form of vigilante justice that cemented his legendary status.

The shootout at the O.K. Corral has been depicted in numerous films, including Tombstone (1993) and Wyatt Earp (1994). To this day, it stands as a symbol of the conflict between law and lawlessness in the American West and remains deeply embedded in the cultural memory of the United States.

H.L. (TEX) GRAVES – Undersheriff and Sheriff Name door tags

Harry “Tex” Graves began his career with the Sterling Police Department. In 1964, he joined the Logan County Sheriff’s Department in Colorado, where he later served as Sheriff from 1976 to 1979. 

Number 25: picture frames with patches in the shape of the county or state in which they are located. Some sheriff patches are shaped like the state or county to show the area the agency is responsible for. The shape makes it immediately clear where the sheriff works and can also reflect specific features or the history of the region. This way, the patches are distinguishable from those of other counties or states. 

Number 26: Picture frame with patches depicting the portrait of a Native American. In some cases, the patches refer to the name of the county or state - particularly when it is derived from an Indigenous word - or to historical connections with specific tribes or events in the region. The Native American portrait is intended to symbolize the local history, though it is usually represented from the perspective of the white settlers of the time. 

Number 27: Display Case – Colt and Winchester (all replicas)

Colt and Winchester revolutionized the Wild West by developing firearms that were easier to use, more reliable, and significantly faster to operate than earlier models. These technological innovations greatly influenced the settlement of the West, conflicts between settlers, Native Americans, bandits, and law enforcement, as well as everyday life on the frontier.

American inventor Samuel Colt introduced the first mass-produced revolver in 1836. His most famous weapon, the Colt Single Action Army, also known as the “Peacemaker,” could fire multiple shots in succession without needing to reload after each shot. This made it especially useful for duels, self-defense, and quick action in the open terrain. The Colt soon became the preferred sidearm for cowboys, sheriffs, and soldiers. 

The Winchester company developed the lever-action repeating rifle starting in 1866, which featured a magazine with multiple cartridges operated by a lever mechanism. This allowed shooters to fire much faster without reloading after each shot. The Winchester Model 1873 became especially famous and is often called “The Gun That Won the West.” It was used by settlers, ranchers, Native Americans, and even outlaws, playing a crucial role in the settlement and defense of the American West.

With the widespread availability of Colt revolvers and Winchester rifles, civilians were now able to effectively defend themselves or assert control. Firearms became an integral part of daily life—whether in the saloon, on the ranch, or traveling across the prairie. The ability to shoot quickly and multiple times changed the nature of confrontations and shifted power dynamics: no longer were birth or title decisive, but often simply who drew faster.

At the top right is a replica of a Colt Wells Fargo .36, also known as the Model 1862. This is a historic percussion revolver and was a more compact version of the Colt 1862 Police Revolver. The revolver was chambered in .36 caliber, which was also referred to as “Navy caliber” at the time, and featured a five-shot cylinder.

Typical for the "Wells Fargo" variant was the short barrel (often only about 3.5 inches) and the absence of a loading lever, which made the weapon especially light and compact. To reload, a separate loading tool had to be used. These features made the revolver ideal for people who needed a handy and reliable weapon—for example, mail carriers, couriers, bank employees, or security personnel.

This model owes its name to the well-known American transportation and financial company Wells, Fargo & Co., which frequently equipped its armed couriers and cash carriers with this type of revolver. The Colt Wells Fargo was thus closely associated with gold transport and money security in the Wild West. Although smaller than other Colt models, it was quite powerful due to its caliber and was often used for self-defense.

Today, the Colt Wells Fargo is a valuable collector’s item and a symbol of the security and communication structures of the Wild West. Its compact design, simple handling, and historical significance make it a special piece of American firearms history.

Number 28: picture frame with patches in various shapes. Since there were no standardized regulations, many different shapes emerged, such as stars, shields, circles, or rectangles. 

Number 29: picture frame with patches displaying the U.S. flag. On some sheriff’s badges, the U.S. flag is shown to signify affiliation with the United States, patriotism, and governmental authority. It combines local symbols with national identity and identifies the agency as an American institution. 

Number 30: Identification documents and badge of Special Deputy Sheriff Norman W. Elwell, Sussex County, New Jersey, from the year 1969. 

Number 31: "If you choose to do drugs, we make house calls." Poster from the Custer County Sheriff’s Department, Colorado, Sheriff Fred Jobe, from the 1990s.

The Custer County Sheriff’s Office actively combats drug abuse in the region. Together with federal, state, and local authorities, they uncover illegal marijuana plantations and seize large quantities of plants. The agency also offers programs for the safe disposal of medications to reduce the misuse of prescription drugs. In addition, many criminal cases in the county involve methamphetamine abuse, showing that law enforcement recognizes drug crime as a serious problem and takes active measures to address it.

Number 32: Elect Max Young – Faulkner Co. Sheriff – Campaign Advertisement

In the U.S., campaign signs are often placed in yards because they provide a direct and personal form of political advertising. They make it visible which candidates or parties are supported and reach neighbors as well as people passing by. Displaying a sign publicly shows one’s political opinion and can motivate others to vote. For candidates, yard signs are also a cost-effective way to maintain visibility during the campaign. When many neighbors display signs, it creates the impression of broad support, which can strengthen the momentum of the campaign.

Number 33: Pettis Co. Sheriff's Office – Motorcycle Uniform – mannequin

Pettis County in the state of Missouri was established in 1833 and is named after U.S. Congressman Spencer Darwin Pettis, who died in a duel in 1831.

The motorcycle unit of the sheriff’s office is equipped with Harley-Davidson motorcycles. This unit is used for traffic control, escorting dignitaries, special public events, and other targeted patrol duties.

Number 34 - display case – miscellaneous

On the left side, several checks payable to the respective Sheriff’s Office are exhibited.

The fact that some sheriffs in the USA collect taxes is mainly due to the varying local laws and administrative structures, which can differ greatly from state to state and even from county to county. In many rural areas, the sheriff long served as the primary local law enforcement authority. Therefore, they were assigned tasks that elsewhere might be handled by specialized agencies—including the collection of taxes or fees. 

In smaller or less densely populated counties, there often are no separate tax offices or tax collectors. In such cases, the sheriff assumes responsibility for enforcing tax claims as part of their general law enforcement duties. Additionally, the sheriff may be responsible for carrying out court orders, for example when tax claims have been legally confirmed and enforcement measures such as seizures are necessary.

To the right of the checks, two identification cards are displayed:

ID Card: Cook Co. Sheriff’s Office, Illinois, from 1925–1926, issued to Harry O. Marietta

ID Card: Orange Co. Sheriff’s Office, New York, from 1933, issued to prison doctor Dr. Charles S. McWilliams

Wanted for Forgery – $75.00 REWARD

The authorities used postcards like this one, which were sent to residents of the district, to search for fugitive criminals.
 

JUSTICE WRIT – is an official document or order issued by a court in the course of legal proceedings or to enforce law and order.

CONSENT SEARCH WARNING – refers to a legal notice given to a person prior to a search without a judicial search warrant, when the search is based on voluntary consent.

Image – SKYLINE BILL – Deputy Sheriff, Austin, Montana

George F. "Skyline Bill" Willman was a telegrapher for the Northern Pacific Railway, rancher, alleged stagecoach driver, purported deputy sheriff, animal trainer, self-proclaimed Western performer, and self-promoter in the style of William F. Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill.

Belt Buckle – Los Angeles Co. Sheriff Department, California

Belt Buckle – Butler Co. Mounted Sheriff's Posse - Kansas - This belt buckle was issued in 1985 as a collectible or souvenir for members and supporters of the mounted posse. The sheriff’s posse is a volunteer mounted unit that supports the sheriff’s office on various occasions. Members of this unit come from diverse professional backgrounds but share a common passion for horses, community service, and law enforcement. The duties of the Mounted Posse include participating in parades, school events, church festivals, county fairs, and occasional patrols in parks or other public areas. Although they do not perform traditional police duties, their presence promotes visibility, trust, and prevention.

First Day of Issue 13¢ Patrol Wagon – Envelope – Oct. 29, 1988

Faulkner Co. Sheriff’s Department – Sheriff Marty Montgomery (1997 to 2006) – Information card on victim assistance

Number 35: Picture frame with sheriff patches from the years 1947 to 1980.

Ormsby County (first row, left) was a county in the state of Nevada with Carson City as its county seat. Ormsby County was established in 1861 and is named after Major William Ormsby. He was a pioneer, entrepreneur, and military leader in Nevada’s early history and played an important role during the so-called “Paiute Wars” in the 1860s. 

On July 1, 1969, Carson City and Ormsby County were merged into a unified municipality, causing Ormsby County to cease existing as a separate administrative entity. The office of the Sheriff of Ormsby County had existed since 1861. The last sheriff was Robert R. Humphrey, who served from 1967 until the consolidation in 1975. After the merger, the unified municipality assumed the duties of the sheriff for both areas.

DuPage County in the state of Illinois (second row, left) has one of the oldest badges in our collection, dating back to 1947. DuPage County was founded in 1839. The name “DuPage” comes from the DuPage River, which flows through the county. The river was likely named after François DuPage, a French-Canadian trader and early settler in the region.

The DuPage County Sheriff’s Office is the county’s highest law enforcement authority and operates specialized divisions for auto theft, cybercrime, drug enforcement, SWAT operations, and school safety.

Number 36: Picture frame with sheriff patches featuring animals. 

The animals are meant to symbolize qualities such as strength, courage, vigilance, or protection. Frequently, animals associated with law and order, such as eagles, lions, or bears, are chosen. In some cases, the animals also reflect regional characteristics and represent the local nature or wildlife. 

Number 37: picture frame with police patches from different law enforcement agencies in the USA. There is a very large number of law enforcement agencies in the United States. At the federal level, there are over 70 major agencies, such as the FBI, DEA, and U.S. Marshals, which have nationwide law enforcement authority. Each of the 50 states also has its own State Police or Highway Patrol units. In the approximately 3,060 counties across the U.S., there are individual Sheriff’s Offices. Over 12,000 cities and towns maintain their own municipal police departments. In addition, there are specialized police forces, such as those at universities, airports, parks, or on Native American reservations. In total, there are more than 18,000 separate law enforcement agencies in the U.S., each with its own jurisdiction and responsibilities. 

Number 38: Picture frame with sheriff patches, all of which are round. Round sheriff patches are used for several reasons. They resemble medals or orders, giving them an official and serious appearance. They are also easy to attach to a uniform and are less likely to get caught on clothing or equipment. The circle symbolizes protection, unity, and completeness, which fits well with the duties of law enforcement. Round patches also allow texts, symbols, or emblems to be displayed clearly. In this way, round badges combine practical function, clear design, and symbolic meaning. 

Number 39: Display Case – badges

The famous line “Badges? We don’t need no stinkin’ badges!” originally comes from the film The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) and has since been widely quoted, parodied, and adapted—especially in Westerns, comedies, and pop culture.

Badges have always been a symbol of authority and order. When groups of law enforcement officers, such as a posse, gathered, they wore badges to identify each other and avoid accidentally shooting one another during a gunfight. It was customary for the sheriff to distribute badges to posse members at his discretion. If a man was willing to help and seemed trustworthy, the sheriff would give him a badge and immediately appoint him as a deputy sheriff.

Badges are usually engraved with an identification number uniquely assigned to the officer. They are mostly made of metal and often finished with gold and/or silver enamel. Sheriff’s Offices typically use the shape of a five-, six-, or seven-pointed star, while municipal police departments generally use a shield-shaped design. Usually, there is an enameled seal of the U.S. state in which the respective county is located, positioned in the center of the badge. 

Number 40: picture frame with patches depicting a covered bridge.

Covered bridges are often historic landmarks in certain regions, especially in the Northeast and Midwest of the United States. Many badges are designed to reflect local history and culture. Depicting a well-known bridge makes the badge unique and easily recognizable. Overall, such badges convey local identity as well as trust and stability.

Covered bridges were originally built for practical and protective reasons. The roof protects the wooden structure from rain, snow, and sun, helping the bridge last much longer. The roof and side walls also strengthen the structure, making it more stable against wind and weight loads.

Covered bridges are sometimes called “kissing bridges” because of a romantic tradition. In the past, horse-drawn carriages or wagons often stopped briefly on these bridges to take shelter from rain or snow. In this private, protected space, couples would share a kiss - hence the name “kissing bridge.”

Number 41: Picture frame with badges from the Anderson County Sheriff’s Department in Kansas, including a letter from Sheriff Vernon Valentine dated November 20, 2017.

Anderson County in Kansas was founded in 1855. The county is named after Joseph C. Anderson, a politician and jurist who played an important role in the early history of Kansas.

The Anderson County Sheriff’s Office is the primary law enforcement agency of the county. Its responsibilities include maintaining public order, enforcing laws, overseeing jails, providing court services, and protecting citizens and their property. The office also works closely with federal, state, and local agencies to prevent crime and conduct investigations.

In the letter it says: "I have enclosed a copy of our vehicle badge, a picture of our courthouse with our county jail to the right of it as it was before we built a new one, a patch, and a picture of myself. Use what you wish for your museum. We are a small county of 7,800 people, so we do not have a lot of money for support."

Number 42: Framed County Jail sheriff  patches

Detention Deputies are responsible for maintaining safety and order within county jails. They monitor inmates, control their movements, and prevent escape attempts. They also ensure that the rules and regulations of the facility are followed. Additionally, they conduct security checks, escort inmates to court appearances or medical appointments, and respond to incidents or emergencies. Furthermore, they document occurrences and prepare reports for the administration and other law enforcement agencies.

Number 43: Arkansas R. SKINNER – Chief Deputy J. CARTER – Honor Guard Uniform Shirt

In the state of Arkansas, several sheriff’s offices have Honor Guard units that appear in a ceremonial capacity at ceremonies, memorial events, and official occasions.

pin – Arkansas Flag

pin – V – The Valor Award (also known as the Bravery Award) is an honor given by sheriff’s offices or other law enforcement agencies to recognize extraordinary courage and heroism in the line of duty.

Number 44: display case – challenge coins and pins

Sheriff challenge coins are small, usually round medals or coins issued by sheriff’s offices as a symbol of membership, recognition, or camaraderie. Originally, challenge coins come from the military, where they were used to strengthen team spirit and honor special achievements. Today, they are also widely used in law enforcement and are commonly carried by sheriffs and their teams.
Challenge coins often feature the crest or logo of the respective sheriff’s office, the name of the organization, or the service badge. They are made of metal and are usually decorated with colored enamel. These coins are presented on various occasions, such as in recognition of outstanding work, during promotions, or as a symbol of membership in the team.

Sheriff pins are small lapel pins worn by sheriffs and their staff. They serve to show affiliation with a specific sheriff’s office or a particular task force. Often, they are designed with symbols like stars, crests, or the name of the agency.

These pins are frequently worn at official events or issued to officers to signify their position, rank, or special achievements. They are typically made of metal and may include colored details. Sheriff pins are a visible sign of authority and belonging, helping to facilitate identification within the agency. They also serve as a recognizable symbol of law enforcement for the public.

Number 45: Shelby Co. Sheriff's Department – J. DANIELSON – Ike Jacket

Shelby County in the state of Tennessee was established in 1819 and is named after Isaac Shelby, an important American revolutionary and politician.

The Shelby Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for enforcing laws at the county level. It patrols areas not covered by municipal police departments and responds to emergency calls. Deputies conduct criminal investigations and work closely with the district attorney. The office operates the county jail and supervises inmates housed there. It is also responsible for transporting prisoners between facilities and courts. Court security in the county courts is also among its duties. Additionally, the sheriff’s office serves legal documents such as subpoenas and eviction notices. Finally, the office collaborates closely with other agencies at the local, state, and federal levels.

This Ike Jacket dates from the 1960s. The "Ike Jacket" is named after Dwight D. “Ike” Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States and a general during World War II. Eisenhower wore this specific short, tailored uniform jacket during the war, especially while serving as the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe. The jacket became popular because it was functional, comfortable, and stylish, eventually making its way into American law enforcement uniforms.

Number 46: Williamson Co. Sheriff's Office - M. MICKELS - Uniformhemd

Williamson County in the state of Tennessee was established in 1799 and is named after Dr. Hugh Williamson, a physician, scientist, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention from North Carolina. The Williamson Co. Sheriff’s Office is responsible for enforcing laws within the county. It operates the county jail, provides security at the courts, patrols areas not covered by city police departments, responds to emergency calls, and conducts criminal investigations. Additionally, it is responsible for transporting prisoners, serving legal documents such as subpoenas and detention notices, as well as managing prevention programs and cooperating with other law enforcement agencies.

Number 47: display Case – matching Badges/Patches:

Cowlitz Co. Sheriff – Washington Badges and Patch

Both Cowlitz County and its sheriff’s office were established in 1854. The county is named after the indigenous Cowlitz people who inhabited the region. The name "Cowlitz" comes from the language of the Salish peoples and was adopted by early explorers. Today, the Cowlitz Indians are a federally recognized tribal nation with their own government, and the county bears their name in honor of their historical and cultural significance to the region.

The Cowlitz Co. Sheriff badge features Mount St. Helens, a well-known and historically significant volcano in the area. Mount St. Helens is located near or partially within the boundaries of Cowlitz County. The volcano gained worldwide attention for its devastating eruption in May 1980, which blew off much of its summit and caused a widespread natural disaster. Fifty-seven people lost their lives during the event. This badge was in use from 1981 to 2007.

Since Deputy Brad Bright has no descendants, he decided to donate his ID, badge, and patch to our museum.

Arizona Rangers:

The Arizona Rangers were originally established in 1901 when Arizona was still a U.S. territory. Their goal was to establish law and order in the then lawless region to pave the way for Arizona’s eventual statehood. They fought against bandits, organized crime, and ensured safety in remote areas.

In 1909, the original organization was disbanded as the region had become more stable and other authorities were able to take over its functions. In 1957, the organization was revived—this time as a voluntary, civilian auxiliary force supporting the police in Arizona. Since 2002, the Arizona Rangers have been officially recognized by an Arizona state law (§ 41-4201 A.R.S.).

Essex Co. Sheriff's Department – SDS - New Jersey:

In the 1920s and 1930s, Essex County Sheriff badges were handed out by the Special Deputy Sheriffs (SDS) in the hundreds as political favors. During that period, alongside regular “Sheriff’s Deputies”, there were also “Court Attendants” and “Court Officers”. The official public service title of “Sheriff’s Officer” was only established later.

The practice of issuing SDS badges came under heavy criticism in 1935 after an assassination attempt on the notorious gangster Dutch Schultz and his associates in Newark. One of his henchmen was found carrying an SDS badge and ID. The sheriff denied issuing the badge, claiming his signature had been forged. However, a Grand Jury investigation revealed that he had issued over 1,200 badges.

Sometimes sheriffs deployed their special deputies to handle striking workers, demonstrators, or parades. Each sheriff could design the badge themselves, which is why there are now many different versions. Some of these badges also included rank designations. By the 1950s, Essex County already had its own SDS unit. 

In 1975, a law was passed officially allowing sheriffs to appoint “Sheriff’s Deputies” - unpaid, uniformed volunteers as we know them today.

Campaign Pin from 1896 – Sheriff WM. A. Gardner, manufactured by W & H Pinback.

Number 48: Broward Co. Sheriff's Department – Ike Jacket – Motorcycle Patrol

Broward County in the state of Florida was founded in 1915 and is named after Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, the 19th governor of Florida (1905–1909). 

The Broward Co. Sheriff’s Department Motor Unit was established in 1952. The motorcycle patrol of the Broward County Sheriff’s Office is responsible for traffic enforcement, accident investigation, reducing traffic violations, and escorting VIPs, parades, and special events.

This Ike jacket dates from 1958.

Number 49: frame of pink sheriff patches

Pink Sheriff badges are often worn in the United States during October to raise awareness for breast cancer, as pink is the color associated with breast cancer awareness. Many Sheriff’s Departments sell these patches or issue them as special editions to raise funds for breast cancer organizations. The badges show solidarity with those affected, increase public awareness, and connect law enforcement agencies with social health campaigns.

Number 50: Natrona Co. Sheriff's Department – M. MICKELS – Uniform Shirt

Natrona County in the state of Wyoming was founded in 1888 and is named after the sodium compound “natron”, which was used in the region for soap and glass production.

The Natrona Co. Sheriff’s Office in Wyoming is responsible for law enforcement in the county, security in rural and unincorporated areas, operation of the county jail, court security, and prisoner transport. The office also conducts criminal investigations, serves legal documents such as subpoenas and warrants, and cooperates with other law enforcement agencies. Special units may also be specialized for search-and-rescue, drug enforcement, and tactical operations.

pin – U.S. Flag bar - the colors of the U.S. flag symbolize: red for courage and resilience, white for purity and innocence, and blue for vigilance, perseverance, and justice.

pin – PARAMEDIC - A sheriff paramedic provides emergency medical care during law enforcement operations. They respond to medical emergencies, perform advanced life support, and assist injured deputies or civilians. They also help with transporting patients and may support crime scene investigations by ensuring the health and safety of everyone involved. 

Number 51: display panel system with 600 sheriff patches

 A slightly different way to display patches

Number 52: The picture frame displays various campaign cards from sheriff candidates. 

The route now continues past the display cases and tables of the room divider:

Number 53: Osceola Co. Sheriff's Office – Florida Hat

Osceola County, located in the state of Florida, was founded on May 12, 1887, and is named after the Seminole leader Osceola, who played a central role in the Second Seminole War (1835–1842). He is regarded as a symbol of the resistance of Florida’s Indigenous people against forced removal by the U.S. government.

The Osceola County Sheriff’s Office is responsible for maintaining public safety and enforcing the law throughout the county. Its duties also include crime prevention and investigation, traffic enforcement, management of the county jail, court security services, and assistance during disasters and emergencies.

Number 54: glass display case – equipment

Pepper spray contains oleoresin capsicum (OC), a pungent extract from chili peppers, and is highly irritating to eyes, skin, and airways. On contact it causes intense burning, tearing, eye and breathing difficulties, and temporary visual impairment; symptoms usually subside within minutes to hours.

Models such as “MK‑III” differ in spray pattern (e.g., stream, fog, or foam), range and dosage. Those differences affect how targeted or wide‑area the spray is and are product-specific. Pepper spray is permitted as a self-defense tool in many countries, but legal regulations vary widely.

A stun gun (electroshock device) is a portable device that delivers a high-voltage, low-current shock intended to temporarily immobilize or deter an attacker. Stun guns are carried by many sheriff’s offices as a less‑lethal option to control dangerous situations and avoid lethal force. Before adopting stun guns, a sheriff’s office typically issues a written policy that defines use-of-force rules, qualification requirements, training standards, and restrictions.
Sheriff’s offices usually require that the use of force be excluded or strictly limited against particularly vulnerable individuals — such as pregnant women, children, elderly persons, obviously mentally ill individuals, or people with known cardiovascular conditions. After each use, the incident must be documented promptly; this includes an incident report, reasons and alternatives considered, body camera footage if available, and medical examinations of the affected person.

A Taser is a less-lethal device that delivers electrical impulses to temporarily impair muscle control and mobility in a dangerous person. The device typically fires two small electrodes (probes) attached to thin wires that strike the target from a distance. Once contact is made, the device sends short, repeated high-voltage pulse sequences that affect the central nervous system and skeletal muscles. This causes painful muscle contractions and significant restriction of movement, allowing officers to control the situation.

Technically, Tasers operate at very high voltage but relatively low current with short pulses; this combination creates a strong but generally temporary effect. Exact electrical specifications vary by model and manufacturer.

A flashbang grenade, also known as a stun grenade, is a less-lethal device that produces an intense bright flash and a loud bang to temporarily impair vision and hearing, severely disorienting a person. The primary purpose of a flashbang is to reduce the effectiveness of threats during critical operations, giving officers a tactical advantage for entry, rescue, or evacuation.

A tourniquet is a pressure band in the form of a tightly applied strap wrapped around a limb to stop life-threatening bleeding from arteries or large veins. Tourniquets are mainly used for severe trauma, amputations, or heavy arterial bleeding when direct pressure is insufficient or too slow. A properly applied tourniquet is placed between the bleeding site and the heart and tightened until bleeding is significantly reduced or stopped. It is important to note the time of application and get the person to further medical care as quickly as possible, since prolonged use of a tourniquet can cause tissue damage and ischemia.

The Galls Street Thunder is a professional siren amplifier installed in emergency vehicles. The device controls various siren tones such as “Wail”. “Yelp,” or “Thunder” to warn other drivers and clear the way during emergency responses.

A radio transmits and receives voice or data signals over radio waves, allowing two or more people to communicate wirelessly. 

The first radio systems used by American law enforcement agencies were tested in the 1920s. At that time, they consisted of simple radio links between a central dispatch station and patrol cars. Initially, communication was only one-way: the dispatcher could send messages to the vehicles, but officers could not respond. It was not until the 1930s that two-way radios were introduced, allowing officers to communicate directly with dispatchers and with each other.

The early radios were large, heavy, and permanently installed in vehicles. Portable handheld radios became common only later. Technically, police radio evolved from early AM systems to more stable FM communication and later to VHF and UHF frequencies. During the 1970s and 1980s, modern trunking systems were introduced, making radio channel use more efficient.

Over time, digital standards such as Project 25 (P25), encryption technologies, GPS tracking, and data services were added. Manufacturers like Motorola played a key role in this development. Today, law enforcement agencies often use digital, encrypted radio networks, increasingly supplemented by LTE-based systems such as FirstNet. Thus, police radio has evolved from simple voice transmissions into complex, secure communication systems.

The radio shown here was produced by the U.S. company King Radio Corporation, which originally manufactured avionics and communication equipment for the aviation industry. Today, King Radio is part of Honeywell International and no longer produces radios for police or sheriff’s offices. The King Radio Corporation ceased radio production in 1983.

In the United States, law enforcement agencies use the so-called “10-Codes” in radio communication. The “10-Codes” are radio codes developed in the 1930s by the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials (APCO) to enable brief and clear communication. Their meanings can vary between agencies, but some standard codes are generally consistent nationwide. Today, not all agencies still use the 10-Codes. Many have switched to plain English to avoid misunderstandings between different emergency services—especially after the communication problems experienced during the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.

Bodycams are small, portable cameras worn directly on the uniform by sheriffs and police officers. They record video and audio of incidents and interactions with the public. Their purpose is to increase transparency and accountability as well as to secure evidence for investigations. The use of bodycams can also help de-escalate conflicts and document the behavior of both officers and citizens. The recorded footage is usually securely stored and only used when necessary, such as in court.

A weapon holster is a special holder or pouch designed to carry a firearm securely and within easy reach. It is typically attached to a belt, hip, or body and protects the weapon from loss or accidental discharge while allowing quick access. Holsters come in various shapes and materials, adapted to the type of weapon and its intended use.

Number 55 - frame – The Execution of Ricky Ray Rector: Ethics, Politics, and Intellectual Disability

The case of Ricky Ray Rector is a tragic and controversial chapter in Arkansas history. It vividly highlights the issues that arise when violent crime, mental health, and criminal justice intersect—especially in relation to the death penalty.

On March 22, 1981, Ricky Ray Rector got into an argument in a restaurant in Conway, Arkansas, during which he shot Arthur D. Criswell. The following day, Rector was visited by Officer Robert W. Martin, a police officer from Conway who intended to arrest him. During this encounter, Rector also shot Officer Martin, who was fatally wounded. After this, Rector attempted to shoot himself, suffering a severe head injury. This injury caused significant brain damage, severely impairing his cognitive abilities.

Despite these clear mental impairments, Rector was tried and found competent. He was sentenced to death. During the time between sentencing and execution, an intense debate developed about his mental state and whether it was ethically acceptable to execute a severely intellectually disabled person.

A particularly well-known symbol of this debate is Rector’s last meal. He requested steak, fried chicken, Kool-Aid, and pecan pie. After eating, he left the piece of pie untouched, saying he wanted to “save it for later”. This behavior was seen as evidence of his cognitive impairment.

On January 24, 1992, Ricky Ray Rector was executed despite widespread objections. His case is often cited in discussions about the extent to which people with severe intellectual disabilities can be held responsible for their actions and whether the death penalty is just in such cases. The fact that Officer Martin was an acquaintance of Rector makes the story even more tragic.

NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME WATCH Sign

In the 1960s and 1970s, crime rates in many American cities increased significantly. At the same time, awareness grew that the police alone could not solve all problems. A key event was the murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964 in New York, where many witnesses reportedly did not intervene. This event sparked a nationwide discussion about civic courage and neighborhood assistance.

In response, the National Neighborhood Watch Program was launched in 1972 by the National Sheriffs' Association in the USA. The goal of this program was to actively involve residents in the safety of their neighborhoods and to strengthen cooperation between citizens and the police. Citizens were encouraged to recognize suspicious activities and report them to the police—without putting themselves at risk. To make this initiative visible, many neighborhoods posted signs reading "Neighborhood Crime Watch". These signs were intended to deter potential criminals and remind residents to stay vigilant. The signs often feature a stylized eye or another surveillance symbol, accompanied by a message such as: "Suspicious activities will be reported to the police".

Number 56: table – Shoeprints

Shoeprints play an important role in criminalistics in solving crimes. They are classified as patterned evidence and provide valuable information about the perpetrator, the crime scene, and the course of events. By matching shoe impressions with shoes found at the crime scene or comparison shoes, suspects can be identified. Individual characteristics such as wear patterns or damage often make an impression unique. Shoeprints also help reconstruct the crime scene by showing walking paths, directions of movement, and the duration of presence at the scene. They can be found and forensically secured on various surfaces such as floors, snow, or dust. Additionally, manufacturer databases allow conclusions about the shoe model, brand, and size. Similar shoeprints at multiple crime scenes may indicate serial crimes. However, smudged or incomplete prints can complicate analysis. Overall, shoeprints are important evidence that can contribute both to identifying perpetrators and reconstructing the crime.

Who can match the shoeprints to the correct shoe? Only one shoe fits a print. The answer lies hidden in the box.

Number 57: glass case - The assassination of John F. Kennedy 

John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. He was riding in an open car through downtown when the shots were fired. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested as the suspected assassin. Oswald had previously served in the U.S. Marine Corps and had spent time in the Soviet Union. Two days after his arrest, Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner. Official investigations, including the Warren Commission, concluded that Oswald acted alone. The assassination gave rise to numerous conspiracy theories that are still debated today. 

On the day President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, J.D. Tippit, a police officer with the Dallas Police Department, was shot and killed while on patrol in a residential area of Dallas. Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of JFK, was later accused of killing Tippit. Tippit’s death led to Oswald’s faster capture, as he was hiding in a movie theater after the murder. Tippit is remembered as one of the officers who lost their lives during the events surrounding the Kennedy assassination. In honor of J.D. Tippit, a special badge was created. 

Number 58: glass case – Sheriff's Office Bomb Unit 

The County Sheriff’s Bomb Squad (EOD — Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is a highly specialized unit responsible for the safe detection, assessment, and disposal of explosives and suspicious items. Their mission ranges from investigating suspicious packages and rendering suspicious findings safe to supporting larger security situations and investigations.

Members of the unit undergo intensive training in areas such as explosives knowledge, risk assessment, and tactical operations under protective conditions. They regularly work with training scenarios, robotic technology, as well as protective and measuring equipment. During operations, they collaborate closely with forensic teams, fire departments, emergency services, and, if necessary, military authorities to quickly neutralize threats and ensure public safety.

The EOD team plays a crucial role in minimizing risks, protecting public events, and supporting investigations – often under intense time pressure and great responsibility. Their work is technically demanding, mentally challenging, and indispensable for the safety of the county. 

plastic explosive — 1 kilogram (replica made with modeling clay)

Plastic explosives, also called plasticised explosives, are characterised by their plasticity. They are soft, malleable, and therefore very versatile. The best‑known member of this group is the explosive C‑4. Typically, plastic explosives contain compounds such as PETN or RDX.

You see one kilogram of plastic explosive attached to a blasting cap and a time fuse to detonate it. One metre of this fuse has a burn time of about 110 to 120 seconds. The fuse is normally ignited with an open flame.

Improvised hand grenade made from plastic explosive (replica made with modeling clay)

Explosives produce various hazard effects, including ground shock, fragmentation, and blast waves. These can cause significant damage to the surroundings and lead to severe injuries.

To increase fragmentation effects, attackers often deliberately add foreign materials such as nails or gravel to the explosive in terrorist attacks to maximise damage. In this example, glass shards were embedded in the plastic explosive. When the device detonates, these fragments are accelerated to very high speeds — in this text cited as up to 5,000 to 8,000 metres per second. Particularly insidious is that glass fragments are difficult to detect on X‑rays. As a result, they often remain undetected and can with high likelihood cause sepsis (blood poisoning).

Number 59: pipe bomb

A pipe bomb is one of the classic types of improvised explosive devices used in terrorist attacks. 

It is simple in construction but extremely destructive. A pipe bomb typically consists of a metal pipe filled with an explosive filler. The enclosing pipe can create a powerful fragmentation effect when the device detonates, causing devastating damage. Pipe bombs may be made with a variety of explosive materials.

PMA‑2 (anti‑personnel mine) — (replica made with a hockey puck)

The PMA-2 is an anti-personnel mine that originates from the Eastern Bloc and features a chemical triggering mechanism. The explosive charge contains 100 grams of TNT. A special characteristic of the detonator is that the mine can be triggered not only by pressure—such as stepping on it—but also by twisting or pulling.

When the mine is laid, only the six-pointed, star-shaped fuse protrudes from the ground. This fuse resembles a cloverleaf and is barely visible to the naked eye. When a force of more than five kilograms is applied to the star-shaped pressure plate, a metal plate pierces an underlying initial charge. This charge is chemically activated by pressure and friction, generating heat that ignites a detonator, which then triggers the main explosive.

The injuries caused by an explosion mainly affect the lower limbs, including the genital area. These injuries are usually severe and typically result in significant loss of mobility.

Number 60: display – “What’s right is right and what’s wrong is wrong, no matter who you are”:

Buford Pusser was a well-known sheriff in McNairy County, Tennessee, who became famous in the 1960s for his uncompromising fight against crime. His story has been told many times in films and books, turning him into a legend in the American South.

Buford Pusser was born in 1937 and grew up in a rural area. After working for several years as a police officer, he was elected sheriff of McNairy County in 1964. At that time, the county was plagued by illegal gambling, bootlegging, and other criminal activities. Pusser made it his mission to fight these illegal operations and restore law and order.

Pusser became especially known for his courageous and often risky approach against organized crime and corrupt forces in the region. He was notorious for taking on gangs alone or with only a few helpers. This frequently led to dangerous confrontations, during which he was injured several times. One particularly dramatic incident involved an attack where his car was bombed, and he was seriously wounded.

Despite the dangers, Pusser never gave up. His unwavering commitment to justice earned him great respect from the citizens but also hostility from criminals. He also fought against corruption within the police force and local government. His life and work became widely known through the “Walking Tall” film series released in the 1970s. The movies portray Pusser as a strong, unyielding hero fighting against evil — an image that still shapes his legacy today.

Buford Pusser died in 1974 at the age of only 37 in a car accident. However, his life and deeds continue to be seen as an example of courage, justice, and the fight against crime in rural America.

Number 61: PROHIBITION 

Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide ban on alcohol that lasted from 1920 to 1933. During this time, it was illegal to manufacture, sell, or transport alcoholic beverages. The ban was introduced through the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and enforced by the Volstead Act. The goal of Prohibition was to prevent alcohol abuse and morally improve society.

During Prohibition, the sheriff played an important role in enforcing the laws. Sheriffs and their deputies were responsible for locating illegal distilleries, arresting moonshiners, and pursuing bootleggers. Within their jurisdictions, they conducted house searches, confiscated alcohol, and arrested suspects. In rural areas, sheriffs were often the only law enforcement officers available. They had to tackle a growing number of violations with limited resources. It was especially difficult to combat organized gangs and secret bars, known as speakeasies, which spread rapidly. In some regions, sheriffs were themselves corrupt or under the influence of the alcohol mafia, which further complicated law enforcement.

Despite significant efforts, Prohibition was not successful. The illegal alcohol trade flourished, organized crime increased sharply, and the government lost important tax revenue. In 1933, Prohibition was finally repealed by the 21st Amendment. For many sheriffs, this period was a major challenge, as they had to balance the law, the public, and rising crime.

After Prohibition ended, many regions kept their own alcohol laws. A “dry county” is a district where the sale of alcohol is completely or partially banned. This means there are no bars, liquor stores, or restaurants serving alcohol—at least officially. In some of these counties, even the possession or consumption of alcohol is restricted.

A “wet county” allows the unrestricted sale and consumption of alcohol. These areas usually have supermarkets, bars, and restaurants licensed to serve alcoholic beverages.

There are also so-called “moist counties” where alcohol is permitted only under certain conditions—for example, only in restaurants but not in retail stores, or only in certain towns within the county. These rules are decided locally, usually by voting. Particularly in the southern U.S.—in parts of Kentucky, Texas, Arkansas, or Mississippi—many dry or moist counties still exist today. The reasons are often cultural or religious. In practice, these laws sometimes lead to curious situations: people drive to neighboring counties to buy alcohol, or illegal sales occur despite the restrictions.

Number 62: CSI - Crime Scene Unit - Forensics

The Sheriff’s CSI team (Crime Scene Investigation Team) is a specialized unit within the sheriff’s office focused on investigating crime scenes. Their primary task is to secure, analyze, and document evidence to solve crimes.

The team systematically examines the crime scene for traces such as blood, hair, fibers, shoeprints, fingerprints, or DNA. The collected evidence is then photographed, carefully packaged, and clearly labeled to ensure its authenticity and integrity.

Some analyses can be conducted directly at the crime scene, while more complex examinations take place in a forensic laboratory. The CSI team works closely with investigators, medical examiners, and other specialized units, providing them with crucial results to support the investigation. Additionally, the team documents every step of their work meticulously to ensure the evidence can be used in court. In some cases, team members also testify as witnesses during trials. They are deployed in serious crimes such as murder, sexual offenses, arson, or major accidents.

Team members are specially trained professionals with expertise in biology, chemistry, criminalistics, or forensic science. While regular police officers secure the crime scene and interview suspects, the CSI team focuses on the scientific collection and analysis of evidence.

Fingerprints

Fingerprints are among the most important types of evidence in forensic science. They are unique to each person and remain unchanged throughout life, which makes them useful for definitive identification. Fingerprints are formed by the fine ridges and patterns on the fingertips. At crime scenes they can be found on many surfaces such as glass, metal, or plastic. Prints are collected using specialized powders or chemical methods and then analyzed by comparing characteristic points and patterns to find matches. Fingerprints not only help identify individuals but can also demonstrate that someone touched a particular object. Because of their reliability, fingerprints are widely accepted as admissible evidence in court.

Fingerprints are described based on specific features that assist in their analysis and matching. First, the basic pattern is identified. There are three main types: loops, whorls, and arches. Additionally, so-called minutiae are examined - these are small details within the ridges, such as ridge endings, bifurcations, dots, or islands. These minutiae make each fingerprint unique. Other important features include the ridge count, which is the number of ridges between certain points, and the delta, a triangular area used as an orientation point. The core, or center of the pattern, is also described. All of these features are documented and compared to conclusively identify fingerprints.

Take the magnifying glass and try to identify the loops, whorls, and arches in the fingerprints on the FBI form.

Number: 63 - TRITECH FORENSICS GUNSHOT RESIDUE EVIDENCE COLLECTION KIT

A GSR (GunShot Residue) collection kit from manufacturers like Tritech Forensics is designed to safely collect, preserve, and submit gunshot residue from people, clothing, or surfaces for forensic laboratory analysis. Such kits are intended for use at crime scenes, during arrests, and for subsequent forensic investigations.

Forensic Swab

A forensic swab is used to collect biological samples such as blood, saliva, or skin cells for DNA analysis. DNA-free means that the swab contains no detectable foreign DNA, preventing contamination. EtO sterilization makes the swab sterile without damaging the material. The swabs are individually packaged and suitable for safe DNA analysis. 

Number 64: Red and blue lights  - The red and blue lights shown here, known as teardrop lights, were mounted on unmarked service vehicles to equip them for emergency operations.

Their distinctive, drop-shaped silhouette resembles a tear - hence the name. This design was not only eye-catching but also functional: it improved aerodynamics, reduced air resistance at high speeds, and gave the vehicles a modern, dynamic appearance. 

In the 1940s, emergency vehicles first used a single red light to identify police cars. These lights were cheap and easy to see. Later, magnetic-mounted lights allowed more flexible use. Eventually, full-sized light bars with multiple lights were introduced. At first, rotating lights were common, followed by flashing blue strobe lights. Blue lights were added in the late 1960s to avoid confusion, since red lights were already used in aviation and maritime to show direction.

Spotlight 

A spotlight is a powerful, swiveling light source mounted on emergency vehicles. It is used to illuminate specific areas, people, or objects in darkness or poor visibility, such as during traffic stops, searches, or accidents. The spotlight is usually manually operated by the driver or another crew member, allowing for quick and precise aiming of the beam. These lights are stronger than regular vehicle headlights and often have rotating or swivel mechanisms so the light can be flexibly and accurately directed.

Press and hold the respective switches for at least 2–3 seconds and the light will turn on.

Nummer 65: Hamilton County Sheriff's Office - Ohio

Hamilton County in the state of Ohio was established in 1790 and is named after Alexander Hamilton , who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. The Hamilton Co. Sheriff's Office is responsible for law enforcement, managing the county jail, maintaining public order, assisting with investigations, and providing security services for courts and government agencies. 

Number 66: glass display case – Ballistics

Forensic ballistics, also called criminalistics ballistics, deals with the examination of firearms, ammunition, and the traces they produce — such as projectiles, cartridge cases, and gunshot residues — with the aim of reconstructing events and identifying perpetrators or the weapons used.

Several subfields are distinguished: internal ballistics describes the processes inside the barrel during propellant combustion; external ballistics deals with the projectile’s flight path after it leaves the barrel; terminal or wound ballistics examines the interaction of the projectile with the target; and trace ballistics or firearm identification compares tool marks on cartridge cases and bullets to link them to a particular weapon.

Typical tasks in forensic examination include function tests of firearms, matching bullets and cartridge cases recovered from a crime with test-fired samples from a suspect weapon, securing and documenting projectiles and casings, and analyzing gunshot residue. Methods used for determining trajectories include stringing, lasers, or surveying instruments, and residue analysis relies on particle testing to detect characteristic elements such as lead, barium, or antimony. Wound analysis provides information about entry and exit wounds and possible shooting distances, and electrolytic or chemical techniques can sometimes restore altered or removed serial numbers.

On display are, among other items, a ballistic (body) vest and several deformed bullets.
 

Intact Colored Ammunition

Intact colored ammunition is known as “color ammunition”. This is a special type of ammunition that releases color upon impact with a target. It is often used to visibly mark people or objects without causing serious injury.

Number 67: Display – The West Memphis Three

The “West Memphis Three” are three teenagers who were convicted in the early 1990s in West Memphis, Arkansas, for the murder of three young boys. Their case gained worldwide attention due to widespread doubts about their guilt and is considered an example of wrongful conviction and prejudice.

In May 1993, three eight-year-old boys - Stevie Branch, Michael Moore, and Christopher Byers - were brutally murdered in a wooded area in West Memphis. The crime shocked the small community, which quickly demanded answers. Shortly afterward, three teenagers were arrested: Damien Echols, Jason Baldwin, and Jessie Misskelley Jr., all between 16 and 18 years old at the time. Damien Echols especially stood out for his alternative clothing style and interest in heavy metal music and the occult, which created an atmosphere of fear and prejudice in the town.

The prosecution’s case relied heavily on a confession by Jessie Misskelley, who gave contradictory statements after long interrogations, and many believed the confession was coerced. Nevertheless, all three were convicted: Echols was sentenced to death, while Baldwin and Misskelley received long prison terms.

Resistance to the verdicts arose quickly. Many believed the “West Memphis Three” were victims of prejudice, fear of the occult, and a flawed justice system. Numerous supporters—including celebrities and lawyers—fought for a retrial. Over the years, new DNA tests were conducted, which found no incriminating evidence against the accused. This led to the case being reopened in 2011.

In 2011, the three men were released after entering an “Alford plea”, meaning they did not admit guilt but also did not declare innocence—often a condition for early release. Their release was a major victory for supporters and a bitter defeat for the justice system.

The "West Memphis Three" case highlights how prejudice, media hysteria, and lack of evidence can lead to wrongful convictions. It raises important questions about justice, procedural errors, and the influence of public opinion on trials. To this day, it serves as a cautionary example of wrongful convictions and the need for fair legal proceedings.

Number 68: table – picture frame display - just browse through

Number 69: Snohomish Co. Sheriff's Office - Washington - hat

Snohomish County in the state of Washington was founded in 1861 and is named after the Snohomish Native American tribe that lived in the region.

The Snohomish County Sheriff’s Office is responsible for maintaining public safety in unincorporated areas, operating the county jail, law enforcement, civil enforcement, and supporting local communities during emergencies.

Number 70: glass Display Case – County Jail

The county jail is a prison operated by a county’s sheriff’s department. It primarily serves to house individuals awaiting trial or serving short sentences (usually less than one year). Inmates include both people awaiting their court proceedings and convicted offenders with minor crimes.

The deputies working in the county jail are specially trained correctional officers. Their primary responsibility is to maintain safety and order within the facility. They monitor inmate movements, conduct headcounts, oversee visitations, and ensure that no prohibited items enter the jail. Additionally, they intervene in conflicts or emergencies and assist with medical or psychological situations until specialized personnel arrive. Some jail deputies also handle administrative tasks, such as processing new inmates or managing releases. Although they may be armed, many jail deputies do not carry firearms inside the facility to minimize risks in confined spaces. Overall, they bear significant responsibility for the safety of inmates, their colleagues, and themselves.

Metal Plaque – "STATE OF GEORGIA PRISONER No." and "CHAIN GANG No." refers to the historical forced labor groups (chain gangs) in Georgia. Chain gangs were groups of prisoners chained together to perform forced labor, such as road construction or agricultural work.

Witness Summons for the Execution of Ignatz Patz

The execution of Ignatz Patz in 1922 in Illinois is a notable example of the unpredictability in judicial history. Patz was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. The execution was scheduled for June 16, 1922, in Waukegan, and invitations had already been sent out by the sheriff’s office.

Shortly before the scheduled execution, however, Governor Len Small granted Patz a pardon and commuted the death sentence to life imprisonment. He justified this with “important facts not previously known”. Interestingly, Governor Small himself had legal troubles: he had been indicted for embezzling $600,000 from the state treasury.

On June 24, 1922, however, he was acquitted of all charges, and later eight of the jurors were given state jobs. In 1928 Governor Small finally pardoned Patz, and he was released from prison. Patz moved to Los Angeles, California, where he worked as an ironworker in the 1930s. In the same year Governor Small was again indicted, this time over the sale of roughly 500 pardons.

Prison shank

A “prison shank” is an improvised stabbing weapon made or used by inmates in prisons. The term covers a wide range of objects that have been converted into sharp, penetrating weapons. Shanks are frequently used for attacks, intimidation, or to enforce conflicts within the prison hierarchy. Such weapons cause severe injuries up to and including fatalities and worsen the security situation for inmates and staff. Prisons address the problem through searches, metal detectors, X‑ray machines, video surveillance, targeted inspections, and restricting access to potentially dangerous materials. Possession, manufacture, or use of shanks typically leads to additional criminal and disciplinary penalties. 

Important preventive measures also include education, work programs, psychological support, and conflict‑resolution programs, since overcrowding, staff shortages, and lack of activities promote violence. In the long term, structured rehabilitation and strengthened staffing programs reduce the risk of illegal weapons in correctional facilities.

Number 71: Glass Display Case – Sheriff Narcotics Unit

The Sheriff Narcotics Unit is a specialized division within the sheriff’s office focused on combating drug-related crime. They investigate individuals and groups involved in the illegal trafficking, manufacturing, or use of drugs. The unit conducts both covert and overt operations, monitors suspects, and gathers evidence. A key part of their work involves conducting house searches, vehicle inspections, and targeted raids to seize drugs, weapons, or cash. Often, the unit collaborates with other law enforcement agencies or federal authorities such as the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration), especially in larger or multi-jurisdictional cases.

Another important task is locating and shutting down illegal drug labs. These operations are particularly dangerous due to toxic chemicals and the risk posed by armed suspects. The Narcotics Unit carefully documents all findings and investigations to ensure evidence can be used in court. In some cases, officers also perform educational outreach, for example in schools, to warn young people about the dangers of drugs.

Deputies in the narcotics unit are specially trained and experienced in surveillance, evidence collection, and undercover work. Unlike regular patrol officers, narcotics detectives typically work undercover and focus on long-term investigations.

Number 72: Drug Tests

Drug tests are procedures used to detect drug consumption. They can analyze various sample types including urine, blood, saliva, hair, or sweat. Here, a urine and a saliva test are displayed.

The DIPRO DRUGLAB Multi-Drug Screen Test is an immunochromatographic rapid test designed for the qualitative detection of various drugs or their metabolites in human urine. It can simultaneously detect substances such as amphetamines (AMP), benzodiazepines (BZO), cocaine (COC), methamphetamines (MET), opiates (OPI), and Cannabis (THC).

Results are shown by colored lines: a line next to both “C” (control) and “T” (test) means a negative result, while a line only next to “C” indicates a positive result. In this example, benzodiazepines were detected.

The DrugWipe 5 S is a saliva test designed to detect drug use. It screens for five of the most common drugs: cannabis, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, and methamphetamines. Red lines in the reading window indicate which drugs were found, while the integrated control line (CL) confirms the test was done correctly. This example shows a negative result.

Both tests are commonly used by law enforcement agencies during traffic stops.

Number 73: Display – Emmett Louis Till:

Emmett Louis Till was a 14-year-old African American boy from Chicago whose brutal death in 1955 became a turning point in the fight against racism and for civil rights in the United States.

Emmett Till lived with his mother in Chicago but visited family in Money, Mississippi, during the summer of 1955—a place deeply marked by strict racial segregation and entrenched racism. At that time, open and legally sanctioned discrimination against African Americans was widespread across much of the southern U.S.

On August 24, 1955, Emmett allegedly said something or flirted with a white woman named Carolyn Bryant in a store. The exact details remain disputed to this day. Shortly afterward, her husband Roy Bryant and his half-brother J.W. Milam came to the house where Emmett was staying, abducted him, and brutally assaulted him.

Emmett Till was tortured, shot, and his body was dumped into the Tallahatchie River tied to a heavy weight. His body was found three days later. The sight of his mutilated corpse shocked the public.

Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam were charged with murder, but a white jury acquitted them after a brief deliberation—an all-too-common example of racist justice in the southern U.S. The two men later admitted to the murder in an interview but could not be retried.

The case gained national attention, especially after Emmett’s mother, Mamie Till-Mobley, insisted on an open-casket funeral so the world could see the brutality of the crime. Photos of the mutilated boy appeared in many newspapers and galvanized the civil rights movement. Emmett Till’s death is considered a catalyst for the civil rights movement in the U.S., which brought significant changes toward equality in the following decades.

The tragic death of Emmett Louis Till brutally exposed the deeply rooted problems of racism in the U.S. at the time. His fate remains a powerful reminder of the importance of fighting discrimination and seeking justice.

Display – The Root of Hate:

The Mississippi Burning murders refer to the killing of three civil rights activists in 1964 in Mississippi. This case became a symbol of the brutal resistance to the civil rights movement in the southern U.S. and drew increased attention to racial discrimination and violence against African Americans. In 1964, many African Americans in the South were fighting for voting rights and against segregation. To support this, the civil rights organization Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and other groups sent activists into the region to promote black voter registration and raise awareness of injustices.

On June 21, 1964, three men were murdered: James Chaney, an African American activist from Mississippi, and two white activists from the North, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman. The three were in Mississippi to help organize the civil rights movement.

The men were arrested and, after their release, disappeared without a trace. After intense investigations, their bodies were later found in a remote grave. Investigations revealed that members of the Ku Klux Klan and local police officers were involved in the murders.

The case drew nationwide attention. The FBI took over the investigation in an operation called "Mississippi Burning". The murders led to one of the first major prosecutions of Ku Klux Klan members. Some of the perpetrators were convicted, although many were later released or served only short sentences.

The Mississippi Burning murders exposed the brutal violence that many civil rights activists faced. They led to increased support for the civil rights movement across the country and contributed to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. These murders are a tragic example of the violence and hatred civil rights activists faced in the 1960s. However, their deaths raised awareness of injustices and were an important step in the fight for equality and human rights in the United States.

Number 74: table – Various Documents and Equipment:

ARKANSAS MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION REPORT – A form used to document property-damage-only traffic accidents.

OREGON UNIFORM CITATION AND COMPLAINT – A standardized form used by law enforcement in Oregon to document violations and issue formal complaints.

CITATION State of Minnesota – An official document issued by Minnesota law enforcement to record violations and issue warnings or summonses.

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) Checklist – A standardized protocol used by deputies and police officers to detect impairment from alcohol or drugs during roadside Field Sobriety Tests (FST). A related FST checklist is also shown.

GUIDE TO PROVISIONAL DRIVER LICENSE RESTRICTIONS – Oregon – A guide detailing restrictions on provisional driver’s licenses in Oregon.

GRADE CROSSING COLLISION INVESTIGATION CHECKLIST – A checklist used to investigate accidents at railroad crossings, ensuring all relevant details are documented and assessed by authorities such as police or the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).

Metal Plate – Used to reflect sunlight deliberately. By aiming the reflection, one can attract attention over long distances to a person, vehicle, aircraft, or specific location.

FAULKNER COUNTY SHERIFF's OFFICE – WARNING OF VIOLATION – A warning notice indicating a violation but not a formal charge or fine, similar to a written admonition.

BLS KIT – Refers to a Basic Life Support Kit, a set of medical tools and supplies intended for basic first aid and resuscitation.

Leather Folder for Notepad

SHERIFF'S DEED – A legal document used in the U.S. to record the transfer of property ownership after foreclosure or other court orders. This deed dates from 1882 and comes from the Livingston County Sheriff’s Office in Missouri.

STATE OF ARKANSAS VIOLATIONS – TRAFFIC AND LICENSE OFFENSES – An overview of important categories and common traffic and license violations in Arkansas.

ARKANSAS LAW ENFORCEMENT PICKET MANUAL – A handy reference guide for officers with quick legal overviews, procedural 

steps, standard phrases, checklists, and safety/communication rules needed in the field.

ARKANSAS Motor Vehicle and Traffic Laws and State Highway Commission Regulations – A law book containing the traffic regulations that drivers must obey in Arkansas.

Blue Blitz Traffic Template Instruction Manual – An accident sketch template helps to clearly illustrate how an accident happened. It provides a simplified view of the road or intersection, where you can mark the positions of vehicles, pedestrians, or animals to show the course of the accident. Copyright 1985 (rev. 1995).

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